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Historical newspapers contexts

Contexts - 1960's • In the 1960s, most producers and readers were white males, LGBT (male) producers did not go public and LGBT audiences would not expected to be celebrated or discussed by the mainstream media • Newspapers in the 60’s did not report so much on female or ethnic minority political leaders, especially as there we so few. • LGBT stories were VERY limited due to the closeted lifestyle by individuals/communities. • Celebrity culture did exist, but far less so than today. • Stories carried far more hard news. • Consumerism was beginning to develop in the 1960s, therefore newspapers did not carry much lifestyle/marketing content. • Social change was a major issue in 1960. Younger generations were demanding freedom (legalising homosexuality, making divorce and contraception available, legalising abortions, allowing more sexual content on the mass media). This was the complete opposite of the older generation therefore these social issues drove newspaper stor

Audience

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Explain the effects of technology on print newspapers (4) Technology is affecting print newspapers as they are circulating less. This is because it is easier to read news online and there is more space to put stories in. Furthermore the editors can edit them regularly making them suitable for their target demographic. Technology also means that online news has more advertising. This is because there is more space online for adverts which means that the websites will get paid more, potentially meaning print newspapers will no longer exist as they will run out of funding. - Notice that although the observer online follows the structure of the print edition, there is a greater prominence for the lifestyle, food and sport sections that are otherwise kept out of the main section of the newspaper. - There is also a higher proportion of photography and headlines on the homepage compared to the front page. How does this target different audiences? The sport section can attract a

Online, social media and participatory media

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- All online aspects should adhere to the Scott Trust values - The observer section of the online website is part of one of the most successful international news websites - An online presence makes it a possible economic future for n news organisations, by monetising online content through voluntary donations and memberships Funding:  -Contributors, members, subscriptions and donators: The guardian/observer are currently experimenting with this model to protect the free online content. During October 2017, they released that they had 800,000 paying contributors worldwide and that this income exceeded that from advertising. -Monthly subscriptions via kindle: The guardian/observer offer their publication on the kindle devices. This is an example of convergence. The monthly subscription is £9.99, but to entice readers they offer a 14 day free trial -Events:  The guardian/observer frequently run courses, meetings and conferences -Product sales: The guardian/observer also se

Representation

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What stories are present? - Theresa May is fining greedy bosses who betray their workers - 'Me Too' campaign to show their equality and liberality - Trump story to show how they celebrate different countries. Negative destroy shows how they are worse off than we are What issues are present? - Feminism and sexism. They included these on the main cover because they believe everyone should be equal and have the right to express themselves Who is present/absent? Absent: - elderly - children - white men - asians - arabs Present: - women. Present on the main image as a counter type to show she is important, emphasised by the low angle shot - black male - middle aged women to appeal to their audience, reflecting the magazine in the newspaper which has cooking for women How have they been represented? - The woman in the top right is holding a cake which is a stereotype that women belong in the kitchen and should cook every day - A powerf

Conventions of a newspaper front cover

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Layout: - The layout is symmetrical which makes it easy for a reader  - It is ordered making it more formal  Typography: - Masthead is bold and in block. Serif font reflects the tone of their newspaper and audience - The body copy is small because it is conventional to newspapers - Font is simple to make it easy for the reader Language: - Formal language to appeal to target audience  - Direct address makes them feel more involved in the article Images: - Shows a powerful image - Different types of news they offer at the top of the page to attract more of their audience - Different ethnicities and genders reflects Scott Trust values - No editing to make it seem more real and relating to the audience  Graphics and colour: - Masthead is black  - The colour purple is a neutral colour reflecting their liberal beliefs - Different colour words emphasise their importance, the yellow word 'free' attracts more people 1) In the first

Audiences

Readership – The total number of people who read a publication Circulation – T he number of newspaper copies that are distributed to newsagents and news stands on an average day.  The guardian newspaper target a wide audience: there is a football section, predominantly male to target men. There is a music section to target cultural consumers and there is a hard news section at the front to target the news hungry people who always want to know what going on. There is also a magazine inside (the guardian magazine) containing lots of fashion content. it contains gardening, sex advice, cooking and DIY. This targets women. The guardian readers are middle class people interested in sports, news and culture. There are sections in the newspaper featuring different genders and ethnicities. They have a liberal view and are middle aged. Guardian and Observer readers are: -Hard to reach - 95% read no other quality newspapers -Affluent - 85% are ABC1 -Well Travelled - taking 4 tr

The Guardian - ownership, values and beliefs

Uses and gratifications for news: -Active audiences might consume news for Information. This is because there are various stories which relate to people location which is important to them -Passive audiences may want to consume news for entertainment. This is because they will want to know about all the gossip with celebrities that they follow. They can hear about their lives and opinions and will agree with what the celebrities think. This will give them things to talk about and conversation topics. Newspapers are not owned by a conglomerate. Instead they are owned by very wealthy individuals who do not need the profit and therefore newspapers are not very profitable. Editors who are interviewed in the media always deny that their owner interferes with the content. However, obviously the owner appoints the editor and they have similar views to that of the owner. The Scott Trust owns the guardian/observer. It exists to ensure: -the editorial independence of newspapers -appoi